What Is a Condom? Complete Guide for Men and Couples in Pakistan

A condom is a simple, effective barrier method used during sex to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is a thin, flexible sheath that fits over the erect penis (male condom) or can be placed inside the vagina (female/internal condom). When used correctly every time you have sex, condoms protect both partners by stopping sperm from reaching the egg and by limiting contact with fluids that can transmit infections.

Condoms are one of the most widely available and affordable contraceptives. They have a high success rate when used properly — up to around 98% effective in perfect use. In real life, the effectiveness is slightly lower because people sometimes make mistakes when opening, putting on, or removing them. That’s why knowing the correct steps and some common tips is important for everyone.

How a Condom Works

A male condom fits over the erect penis and collects semen after ejaculation, preventing sperm from entering the vagina. Female condoms are inserted into the vagina and form a barrier that keeps semen away from the cervix. Both serve the same basic purpose: stopping sperm from meeting the egg. At the same time, condoms reduce the chance of fluids and skin contact that can pass on infections.

Remember: protection works only when a condom is put on before any genital contact and used for the whole duration of sex (from insertion to withdrawal).

Does a Condom Protect Against STIs?

Condoms made from latex or polyurethane offer good protection against many sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV. They block the exchange of semen and vaginal fluids, which is how most of these infections spread.

However, condoms are less effective for infections that spread through skin-to-skin contact in areas not covered by a condom. Conditions like herpes (cold sores), genital warts (HPV), and syphilis can sometimes be transmitted from contact with sores on the outer genital area. So condoms lower the risk but do not eliminate it for every STI.

Types of Condoms

Condoms come in different materials and styles. Here are the main types you will see in Pakistan and worldwide:

Latex Condoms

Latex is the most common type. It is strong, flexible, and non-porous, which makes it very effective against pregnancy and most STIs. Only use water-based lubricants with latex condoms — oil-based products like petroleum jelly can weaken latex and cause tearing.

Polyurethane & Polyisoprene (Plastic) Condoms

These are latex-free options for men who are allergic to latex. Polyurethane and polyisoprene condoms are thin, conduct heat well, and protect against STIs. They can be used with oil-based lubricants, unlike latex.

Sheepskin (Natural) Condoms

Made from natural gut (sheep intestine), these condoms can prevent pregnancy but DO NOT protect reliably against STIs because they have tiny pores that allow viruses to pass through. We don’t recommend these if STI protection is needed.

Special Types and Extras

• Lubricated condoms: Come pre-lubricated to reduce friction and the risk of tearing.
• Spermicide-coated condoms: Contain nonoxynol-9 to kill sperm; may increase pregnancy protection slightly but can irritate some people.
• Ribbed or textured condoms: Designed to increase pleasure for one or both partners.
• Flavored condoms: Mostly for oral sex, with a flavored coating.
• Glow-in-the-dark and novelty condoms: Often unsafe and not reliably tested — avoid FDA-unapproved novelty items.

There is also an internal (female) condom that can be inserted into the vagina several hours before sex. It offers protection similar to male condoms when used correctly.

How to Choose the Right Condom Size

Picking the right size prevents slippage and tearing. If the condom is too big it may slip; if too small it may break. The simplest approach is to measure penis girth at the widest point during an erection and check the size charts on the condom package. Many brands list width or offer small/regular/large sizes.

How to Use a Condom (Step by Step)

Follow these steps each time you use a condom to protect against pregnancy and STIs:

1. Check the expiry date on the packet and make sure the package is intact.
2. Open the packet carefully without using teeth or sharp objects to avoid tearing the condom.
3. Place the condom on the tip of the erect penis. Leave about 1 cm at the tip for semen to collect. If the condom has a reservoir tip, press it flat.
4. Pinch the tip to remove air, then unroll the condom down the entire length of the penis until the base.
5. Use a water-based lubricant if needed to reduce friction and lower the chance of tearing. Do not use oil-based lubricants with latex condoms.
6. After ejaculation, hold the base of the condom and withdraw while the penis is still erect — to prevent spillage.
7. Tie the open end (optional), wrap it in tissue, and throw it in the trash. Do not flush condoms down the toilet.

Practical Tips for Safe Use

• Use a new condom for every act of intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral).
• Put the condom on before any genital contact begins.
• Store condoms in a cool, dry place — not in a wallet or a hot car where heat can damage them.
• Do not re-use a condom.
• Check the package for damage and expiry date each time.

Advantages of Condoms

Condoms offer many benefits, which is why they are popular worldwide:

• No prescription needed — easy to buy in pharmacies, clinics, and shops.
• Effective at preventing pregnancy when used correctly.
• Reduce the risk of many STIs, including HIV.
• Simple to use and inexpensive.
• Can help men with mild premature ejaculation by reducing sensitivity for some users.
• Helps protect women from infections that can increase the risk of cervical cancer (like HPV), though condoms do not cover all genital skin.

Disadvantages of Condoms

There are a few downsides to be aware of:

• Less effective than some hormonal methods against pregnancy if not used perfectly.
• Must be used for every act of sex.
• May reduce sensation for some people.
• Some people are allergic to latex (can use non-latex alternatives).
• Condoms can slip or tear if not used correctly.

What to Do If a Condom Breaks

If a condom breaks during sex, stop immediately, remove the broken condom, and put on a new one. If pregnancy is a concern, the woman should consult a doctor about emergency contraception (sometimes called the morning-after pill) which is most effective within 72 hours but varies by method. If STI exposure is a concern, both partners should talk to a healthcare provider about testing and any possible preventive measures.

Why Condoms Slip or Tear

Common reasons for condom failure include:

• Wrong size — too tight or too loose.
• Putting the condom on after genital contact has already occurred.
• Opening the packet with teeth or sharp objects.
• Using oil-based lubricants with latex condoms.
• Rough or overly long intercourse.
• Expired or poorly stored condoms (heated or damp storage).

Possible Side Effects

Most people use condoms with no problem. Rare side effects may include:

• Allergic reaction to latex — symptoms include redness, itching, or swelling. If you suspect a latex allergy, switch to polyurethane or polyisoprene condoms.
• Irritation or sensitivity to lubricants or spermicides — choose mild, water-based products if you have sensitive skin.

Final note: Condoms are a safe and practical way to protect against unplanned pregnancy and many STIs. Learning how to choose and use the right condom properly makes them even more reliable. If you have any concerns or special health conditions, consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice.